Cosmic
factors of evolution of biosphere and geosphere.
Interdisciplinary colloquium
SAI MSU,
Preliminary
Program and Abstracts
V.N.Obridko (IZMIRAN) Opening Speech.
L.M.Gindilis (SAI MSU) A review
of ideas of life origin: from ancient to the present times.
Yu.A.Shchekinov, M. Safonova (
Cosmological aspects of the
habitability
V.V.Busarev (SAI MSU) Rock-ice bodies as possible incubators of primary life
N.G.Bochkarev (SAI MSU) Dust and molecule migration in the Universe. The
llimits of panspermia.
V.V.Adushkin, G.V. Pechernikova and A.V. Vityazev (IGD RAS) Exogenous factor in Earth
evolution: astrophysics and a weak form of the panspermia hypothesis
Yu.I.Zetzer (IGD RAS) Concept of geosphere
G.G.Managadze (Space
Research Inst of RAS) Meteorite-impact
plasma torch as a cosmic factor of formation of mirror symmetry
breaking of amino acids
V.N.Obridko (IZMIRAN) The young Sun: paradoxes and hypotheses
M.M. Katsova and M.A.Livshits (SAI MSU – IZMIRAN). Activity of the young Sun
D.D.Sokoloff. (MSU – IZMIRAN) Maunder minimum: Basic features and hypotheses of the
origin
B.V.Somov (SAI MSU) Theoretical estimation of the extreme flares energy
M.M. Katsova and M.A.Livshits (SAI MSU – IZMIRAN) The young Sun flare activity according to
data on processes on late-type dwarfs
V.N. Ishkov (IZMIRAN) Solar
flare superevents: when do they occur; what are their realization energy
limits.
Yu.A.Nagovitsin (Pulkova Obs., SPb), V.N.Obrodko
(IZMIRAN), A.I.Kuleshova (Pulkova Obs., SPb), The
highest level of sunspot activity as observed over a long time interval
A.V.Markov (Palaeontological Institute, RAS and
Biological Faculty, MSU) Early stages of
life: Archean, early Proterozoic
A.V.Yakushev (MSU) et al. Specific features of ecosystems operation under
Antarctic conditions.
D.M.Pechersky (Inst
of Physics of the Earth of RAS), V.P.Shcherbakov
(Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth) Geomagnetic
reversals – properties,
cause and possible impact on the biosphere
O.V.Khabatova (IZMIRAN) Evolution of biosphere
L.I.Miroshnichenko (IZMIRAN) Cosmic rays as a factor of biosphere evolution
N.K.Belisheva (FGBUN Kola
Science Centre RAS, Apatity) Bioeffectiveness of cosmic rays near the Earth surface
(Full text).
M.V.Rogulskaya (IZMIRAN) Live organism adaptation to cosmic factors’ impact –
problems and prospects of further research
G.V.Yakunina
and G.A.Porfirieva (SAI M SU) Active processes on the Sun and their geoeffectivity (Full text).
****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
Abstracts
A REVIEW OF IDEAS CONCERNING LIFE ORIGIN:
FROM ANCIENT TIMES TO
THE PRESENT DAY
Gindilis L.M.
Since the times of
Antiquity the and for a long time the idea of self-origination of life was the
dominant one. It reappeared again after microorganisms were discovered (XVII
century). The possibility of abiogenesis at microbial level was discussed for
more than a century. Pateur demonstrated that spontaneous origination of
microorganisms in sterile broth was due to those same microorganisms
transported by dust particles. Thus proving that every form of life originates
from the parental life form. So the question arises: how did the first
microorganisms appear on the Earth. There are three possible versions: 1) accidental origination of a
viable form; 2) primal organisms were transported to the Earth from outer
space; 3) they were formed on the Earth in the process of prebiotic chemical
evolution. We discuss the problems of prebiotic evolution from simple monomers
up to living cells. An important item of nowadays conceptions of life
origination is the hypothesis of the ancient world of RNA as possible precursor
of life on Earth. The discovery in carbonaceous chondrites of traces of
bacterial life evidences the existence of life in the Solar System even
before the formation
of the Earth.
The idea of life as
brought to the Earth out of Cosmos originated under the impression of
self-origination hypothesis downfall. It went through several stages
(Helmholtz, W.
Thompson, XIX
century; Arrhenius, early XX century; Hoyle and Wickramasinghe, second half of
XX century) and presently evokes constantly growing interest. The panspermia
theory does not solve the problem of origination of life, only moves it onto
other planets. According to V.A. Mazur, the probability of accidental formation
of RNA molecule is negligible not only on the Earth, but in the whole Universe
over all the time span of its existence. But it is practically equal to unit in
the domain formed at the inflation stage of the evolution of the Universe. A.D.
Panov considered panspermia in the Galaxy at the level of prebiotic evolution
products. The quantitative model he has brought forward increases life
origination probability by many orders of magnitude in comparison with any
isolated planet. In this model the life to originates simultaneously on all the
planets with proper conditions on the same molecular basis,
one and the same genetic code and the same chirality.
COSMOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF
HABITABILITY OF EXOPLANETS
Shchekinov Yu.A.1, Safonova M.2 and Murphy J.2
1Southern
2Indian Institute of
Habitable zone (HZ) defines the
region around a start within which planets may support liquid water at their
surfaces, which is supposed to be the necessary factor for origination and
development of life on the planet. Currently we know about 30 planets inside
HZ. The most interesting question is that of possibility of existence of complex
life on the planets. As several space-based project aimed at searching of
traces of life at exoplanets are presently being worked out, the problem of
elaboration of criteria for selection out of the list of planets inside HZ
those which most probably host life acquires supreme importance. It is usually
implicitly assumed that planets inside HZ may host life, not taking into
consideration such an important factor as the planet age. On the other hand the
crucial importance of the factor meets the eye immediately. In fact, if we
consider a life similar to that on the Earth, it is obvious, that planets
younger than 1 Gyr can hardly bear even primitive life-forms because life needs
time to originate and develop. Moreover, as a part of biochemical and metabolic
processes are endothermic, and, therefore, threshold, the process of life
origination may prove extremely sensitive even to tiny HZ parameter variations.
Still a most of the discovered planets are known to orbit young stars (stellar
population I), no older than several mullions of years. So a considerable
number of planets sure HZ inhabitants may prove too young to be really
inhabitable. On the other hand, 12–13 Gyr old planetary systems (population II)
may happen to be more probable bearers of life. In spite of the fact that such
systems are, in the average more distant from us that the population I stars,
estimations of possibility of direct detection of traces of metabolism on those
systems are quite optimistic, if we bear in mind planetary systems of old
law-mass K-stars.
STONE-ICE BODIES AS
POSSIBLE INCUBATORS OF A PRIMARY LIFE
Busarev V.V.
Widespread in the
interstellar medium three-atomic molecules of HCN and H2O and derivative formamid
(NH2COH) are the basis for the origin of life. It is shown
that irradiation of formamid by protons in the presence of terrestrial mineral
and meteoritic catalysts in conditions compatible with terrestrial leads to
simultaneous synthesis of a wide range of compounds (amino acids, heterocycles,
alcohols, amides, sugars, etc.) having potential to develop as genetics (based
on RNA and DNA), and metabolism underlying terrestrial life forms [1, 2]. However, the intended
path of extraterrestrial origin of life in the open interstellar medium could
not reach its logical end. The subsequent stages of the assumed biological
synthesis needed protection from the harsh cosmic factors and presence of
liquid water, catalysts, etc. (e.g., [3]). Such conditions could be realized
only on planetary bodies and/or in their interiors.
On the basis of
observations and calculations, the author suggested that the objects were in
the early Solar system. Such could be stone-ice bodies.
1. http://www1.jinr.ru/News/News_4_2013.
2. Saladino R., Botta G., Pino S.,
Costanzo G., Di Mauro E. Genetics First or Metabolism First? The Formamide Clue // Chemical Society
Review. 2012. V. 41. P. 5526–5565.
3. Rubin R.H., Benson R.C., Tigelaar
H.L., Flygare W.H. Microwave detection of interstellar formamide // Mémoires Soc. Royale des Sci. de Liège. 1972. T. III. P. 471–474.
MIGRATION OF MOLECULES AND DUST
IN THE UNIVERSE. LIMITATIONS OF PANSPERMIA
Bochkarev N.G.
P.K. Sternberg Astronomical Institute of
Types of astronomical objects
that may contain molecules are listed. Possible forms of migration of molecules
are briefly described. Also described are: properties of interstellar molecular
clouds, structure of interstellar dust grains, observational manifestations of
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and fullerenes, evolution of cosmic dust
grains, the dust component of interstellar wind, possible mechanisms of migration
of molecules and dust on scale from planetary systems to galaxies, Hoyle and
Wickramasinghe hypothesis about the biological nature of some dust grains and
the limitations of the area of possible panspermia.
ASTROPHYSICS AND WEAK FORM OF
PANSPERMIA HYPOTHESIS AND EXOGENOUS FACTORS IN THE EVOLUTION OF THE EARTH
Adushkin V.V., Vityazev A.V.,
Glazachev D.O. and Pechernikova G.V.
Institute of Geosphere Dynamics RAS (IDG RAS),
The problems of the origin of
Earth and life are fundamental in the modern science. We, relying on the data
of resent years, contemplate a new course of research in this old problem. On
the base of astrophysical data, obtained during the last 30–50 years, and the
resent results of the study of small bodies in the Solar System (comets in
particular) it is possible to combine the old idea about panspermia in a
comprehensive sense and the search of the basis of life on the early Earth
grounded on theoretical and laboratory data on the Earth evolution. Most
likely, the Sun and a gas-and-dust disk surrounding it were created in a Giant
molecular cloud near young giants – blue O-B-stars which ultraviolet radiation
provided a weak chirality (to 15% of EEs) in organics of interstellar dust.
Further a part of interstellar dust beyond orbits larger than 3–4 a.u. remained
cold and then entered into the first planetesimals. The organics, after melting
of interiors of the first planetesimals due to the heating by shortliving 26Al and 60Fe, sank, in the form of
kerogens, into the core where formation of the first complex organic compounds
began. This occurred in the first 3–4 Myr after the CAI. Apparently, it is
necessary to look for anaerobic life in comets. In geosciences obtained various
data banks, such as data on the endogenous activity of the Earth, mass
extinctions of life and changes in biodiversity, impacts of cosmic bodies,
inversions of the magnetic field, climate change, etc. The problem of cyclicity
and correlation of all these processes is studied for 50 years. Results of
spectral, wavelet and correlation analysis of the data series, representing
some of these processes are given. We conclude, that most of them are cyclic,
some of the periods are present in all the processes. The mechanisms of the
influence of the galaxy on the processes occurring on the Earth are discussed.
ACTIVITY OF THE SUN IN THE AGE OF
1–2 GYR
Katsova
M.M.1, Livshits M.A.1,2
2Pushkov
We discuss briefly the basic
properties of the solar activity in the present epoch and the development of
ideas of gyrochronology about the evaluation of the stellar age from their
activity level. We revealed a set of active late-type dwarfs, which slowed down
to rotation periods of 10–11 days and have the indices of the chromospheric and
coronal activity corresponding to the age of 1–2 billion years. We selected
several stars, the activity of which can be as an example of the phenomena
occurring in the young Sun. The analysis of activity of these stars allows us
to estimate levels of photospheric, chromospheric and coronal activity of the
young Sun. We estimate the mass loss due to the quasi-stationary and coronal
mass ejections. Based on the Kepler observations of superflares on G stars, we
evaluate a probable frequency of non-stationary phenomena with a total energy
of about 1034 ergs. It is
shown that such superflares may occur in magnetic fields actually observed on G
dwarfs.
MAUNDER MINIMUM – BASIC FEATURES
AND HYPOTHESES OF THE ORIGIN
Sokoloff D.D.
Data of solar instrumental
observations survived in astronomical archives (that one of Observatoire de
Paris, in the first line) shows that the engine supporting cyclic solar
activity had serious abnormality at the end XVII – beginning XVIII centuries.
The abnormality is known as Maunder minimum. A personal; contribution from the
King Louis XIV is the fact that many stages of the event was observed so
carefully that such quality of observation is a problem even for modern
observatories. Less direct isotopic data shows that the events similar to the
Maunder minimum happened many times in the past and allow to isolated 27 Grand
minima in the last 10 000 years. Several deviations (e.g. a lost cycle, traces
of pronounced quadrupole configuration etc) from the standard type of the
cyclic solar cyclic activity can be isolated for XVIII – early XIX centuries.
SOLAR FLARE SUPEREVENTS: WHEN
THEY OCCUR AND THE ENERGY LIMITS OF THEIR REALIZATION
Ishkov V.N.
IZMIRAN, Troitsk,
Statistics reliable series of
relative sunspot numbers (timeline in 164 – 14 solar cycles – SC) to give a
consistent picture of the solar cyclicity. This pattern provides for regular
changes of magnetic field generation in the solar convection zone in the
transition from the epoch of the "higher" solar activity (SC 7–11 and
18–22) to the epoch of the "lower" solar activity (SC 12–16) and vice
versa – from the epoch of the "lower" to "higher" solar
activity. Before each such epoch occurs a change of the magnetic field
generation regime in the solar convective zone, which occurs during approximate
one physical 22-year cycle of solar activity. The reconstruction of the
sunspot-forming regime, apparently, could be observed in the SC 10–11 and SC
22–23, when the magnetic field of the solar convection zone having been
converted to
the "lower" solar
activity. In SC 17–18 was a similar restructuring of magnetic fields to the era
of the "higher" solar activity. On this statistics the most powerful
solar flare super events (1859, VIII-IX – SC 10; 1991, VI – SC 22; 2003, X – XI
– SC 23) were observed precisely in these periods of magnetic field
reconstruction. They all were occurrence in the anomalously large solar sunspot
groups with the areas of ≥ 2300 mvh. Since solar flare events are the
consequence of interaction of new magnetic flux with the already existing
magnetic field of active region, are examined the cases of the observations,
which lead to the solar flare superevents. The attempt to estimate maximally
possible amounts of intensity and power of solar flare super-events is made.
ACTIVE PROCESSES ON THE SUN AND
THEIR GEOEFFECTIVENESS
Porfir’eva G. and Yakunina G.
Abstract. Results of observations during
last decades are revised to analyze relations between properties of flares and
of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) accompanied by geomagnetic storms. The more
massive, quick and wide CMEs are statistically associated with the energetic
flares. Solar Proton Events (SPEs) happen often in active regions (ARs) with
gamma-beta-delta magnetic configuration causing extra-ordinary flare activity. The greater
area of the AR is the stronger flares and geomagnetic storms are. Influence of
variations of direction and velocity of a CME, propagating through the
heliosphere, on its geoeffectiveness is discussed. Some aspects of the
influence of the flares on the properties of the Earth ionosphere are
considered.
FEATURES OF THE
FUNCTIONING BACTERIAL ECOSYSTEMS IN THE ANTARCTIC
Yakushev A.V.1, Churilin N.1, Soina V.S.1, Vorobyova E.A.2, Mergelov N.S.3
1Faculty of Soil
Science,
2Space Research
Institute of the Russian akademii Sciences, Moscow,
3Institute of
Geography of the Russian akademii Sciences, Moscow,
Despite the low
numbers according to seeding, physiological diversity of bacteria in
gidrolitikov horizon "stone bridge" high and drops sharply to the
mineral horizon. Most metabolic willingness to utilize biopolymers in the
horizon "stone bridge", but the largest share of fast-growing
bacteria (probably Bacillus) in the
subsurface. Unusual ability to consume chitin in the subsurface associated with
an abundance of fungal mycelium, noticeable to the naked eye. Not able to
consume Tween-20 (a water-soluble analogue of fat) bacterial community of
Arctic soils are not explained and needs further verification. The phenomenon
is investigated microbial communities that, unlike soils in temperate zones, in
liquid associations dominated not free-swimming planktonic forms but pl£nkoobrazovateli (e.g., Bacillus cereus var. mycoides), forming a mineral matrix of
the biofilm
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD REVERSALS AND
LIFE ON THE EARTH IN PHANEROZOIC TIME
Pechersky D.M.
O.Yu. Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, RAS,
Global paleomagnetic and
biostratigraphic data are generalized. As a result it is found
out that the direct connection
between geomagnetic reversals, biozones and maxima of mass extinction of a
biota is absent. At the same time it is noted close to a synchronous total
picture of consistent changes of biozones and geomagnetic polarity. It is
explained by the general source – the Earth’s diurnal rotation. The reversal
polarity of a geomagnetic field prevailed during the Phanerozoic that is agreed
with the Earth’s counterclockwise rotation. Change of polarity of a field, most
likely, is connected with acceleration or deceleration of rotation speed of the
internal core relative to the Earth's mantle.
Lack of direct interrelation
between changes in the biosphere and geomagnetic field indicate a lack of
influence of a field on life evolution on Earth. It follows also from the fact
that life on Earth developed from primitive unicellular forms to mammals and
the man and diversity of biota was grew against a close condition of a
geomagnetic field during ~2,5 billion years and irrespective of numerous
geomagnetic reversals. Main conclusion: evolutionary development of life on
Earth doesn't depend both on large changes of a geomagnetic field, and on the
extreme catastrophic events conducting to mass extinction of a biota.
A ROLE WHICH INTERACTION BETWEEN
THE CLIMATE AND ECOSYSTEMS PLAY IN SHAPING THE CLIMATE RESPONSE TO EXTERNAL
FORCING
Eliseev A.V.
A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian
The Earth system, in addition to
its physical compartments (the atmosphere, the ocean, the soil, and the
cryosphere), also includes ecosystems. The latter interact with all other
compartments and affect climate variations at a large number of spatial and
temporal scales. According to the simulations with global climate models, an
increase of albedo due to land use in the 20th century has compensated 10–20% of
the global warming during this century. In addition, a replacement of the natural
vegetation by crops suppresses moisture transport by terrestrial plants from
the soil to the atmosphere and, hence, local precipitation. In some cases,
biogeophysical processes might lead to multistability at a regional scale. The
latter serves as an effective amplifier of small external forcing. For instance, these process may be responsible
to disappearance of vegetation in
western Sahara in the mid-Holocene. Among the biogeochemical processes, the
most important role for climate is played by the carbon cycle. The uptake of
carbon by the ocean and by the terrestrial ecosystems depends on the climate
state. The latter dependence results in a feedback between the climate and the
carbon cycle. From the simulations with global climate models it is found that
this feedback is positive: it amplifies the greenhouse-gases-induced warming,
by about 10% in the 21st century. The climatecarbon cycle feedback may be
modified by interaction between the carbon cycle and other biogeochemical
cycles, e.g., with the nitrogen cycle. Climate changes may also change the
emission of methane from wet soil. It is found that the climate-methane cycle
feedback, despite markedly amplifying the CH4 build up in the atmosphere,
change the climate response to external forcing very insignificantly.
POLAR ICE AND CLIMATE OF THE
EARTH
Kovadlo P.G. and Yazev S.á.
The hypothesis to explain
observed warming climate is proposed. It is assumed that land existed in the
past at the site of the
TOWARD SYSTEMATIC AND
INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDY OF SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL RELATIONS
Smolkov G.Ya.1, Barkin Yu.V. 2
1Institute of Solar-Terrestrial
Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
2Sternberg Astronomical Institute,
barkin@inbox.ru
Physics of solar-terrestrial
relations is one of fundamental issues for present-day science, because these
relations determine the state and variability of the mankind habitat and
activity. Non-system studying solar-terrestrial relations deprived of the
objective account for all primary external causes, without interdisciplinary
explaining mechanisms for their effect on the Earth, inevitably results in the
forced attributing inexplicable processes and phenomena to "natural
anomalies," impedes forecasting variations in the environment. Statement,
statistical and correlation analyses, still widely used, are not accompanied by
due interpretation of the studied. Along with solar activity and galactic
cosmic ray flows, one should take into account the Earth endogenous activity
caused by an external gravity forcing on the shells of our planet (core,
mantle, etc.) including disturbance of the Solar system integrally from
outside.
COSMIC RAYS AS A FACTOR OF
BIOSPHERIC EVOLUTION
Miroshnichenko L.I.1,2
1N.V. Pushkov Institute of
Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation
(IZMIRAN), Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow,
142190, Russia 2M.V.
Lomonosov Moscow State University, D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics
(SINP),119234 Moscow, Russia
leonty@izmiran.ru
There are no doubts that the
Earth’s space environment in the past inevitably has exerted direct and/or
indirect influence [1–4] on the conditions of terrestrial life and biospheric evolution.
Well-known space factors are usually the fluxes of cosmic dust and gas, comets
and asteroids, cosmic rays (energetic particles of galactic and/or solar
origin), interplanetary plasma (solar wind) and electromagnetic radiation of
different energies, wave lengths, or frequencies. Of great interest are
radiation conditions and their variations, especially in the remote past (over
the geological time scales). The Sun, the most important and indispensable
condition for the existence of the Earth’s biosphere, is also a potential
source of dangerous emissions. In continuation of (and in addition to) our
review paper [3], below we summarize the observational data and results of
theoretical works that have been carried out and/or published mainly after 2012.
These studies are actually in the frontier region between the Astrobiology and
Space Weather. Our main attention is paid to cosmic rays (CR) of galactic and
solar origin (GCR and SCR, respectively).
BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTIVENESS OF COSMIC RAYS NEAR THE EARTH SURFACE
Belisheva N.K.
Summary
A direct evidence of biological
effects of cosmic rays (CR) near the Earth surface was demonstrated in
experiments with three cellular lines growing in culture during three events of
Ground Level Enhancement (GLEs 43,44,45) in the neutron count rate detected by
groundbased neutron monitor in October 1989 and during a quiet period in
August, October 1990. Time coincidence of numerous disorders of nuclear substances
in three cell lines with solar proton events and Ground Level Enhancement gives
the basis to consider the increase of secondary components of solar cosmic rays
as a reason of revealed phenomena. The simulation of particle cascades in the
atmosphere by using the Monte Carlo PLANETOCOSMICS code based on GEANT4, solar
proton data (GOES 6, GOES 7), ground-based neutron monitors observations were
used for calculation of particle fluencies at the latitude of the Apatity
(67.57 N, 33.40 E, 0.65 GV, 950 g/cm2). Neutron fluxes generated by
fast (fc) and by delayed (dc) components of solar particles in three events
were taken for consideration. The drastic increase of neutron fluencies near
the Earth surface at the Apatity latitude was found during three GLEs. Total
fluxes (fc+dc) during GLE 43, 44, 45 were estimated as 13801.7, 5714.1, 19807.1
n/cm2-hr. The
integral ambient dose equivalent from three cases of GLE consists of about 217 μSv per three days, that is almost half of daily doses on the board of space
stations 535 μSv/day and more than average
annual effective dose rate under outdoors, altitude adjusted conditions
exposure of neutrons (124 μSv a-1). Synchronous cell fusion in the
all cellular lines irrespective of their origin and culturing conditions during
quiet period in August and October 1990 confirms the high biological
effectiveness of the secondary cosmic rays.
RESEARCH OF INFLUENCE OF
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF LOW FREQUENCY ON THE DNA OF TEST CELL STRUCTURE
Tekutskaya E.E., Barishev M.G.,
Vishnevsky V.V.
The Kuban state university,
In IR spectrums of the DNA water
solutions emitted cages of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, after their radiation of
EMP LF, observed emergence of new peaks in areas 460–450 cm-1 (the 1st peak) and 1100–1000 cm-1 which sizes depended on the
frequency of EMP applied to radiation and on temperature. Dependences of height
of these peaks on the frequency of EMP from which it is visible are constructed
that the greatest influence on the DNA solutions emitted from cages of
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, renders EMP with a frequency 8,0 Hz.
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM RESPONSE AT
PEOPLE WITH VARIOUS STATE OF ADAPTATIVE ABILITIES ON CHANGES OF SPACE WEATHER
PARAMETERS
Samsonov S.N.1, Manykina V.I.1, Parshina S.S.2
1Yu.G. Shafer
For the purpose of revealing the
real space weather effect on the human’s health, there is an international
Russian-Ukrainian experiment “Geliomed” displayed. Analysis of the experimental
material let us show a synchronism and globality of this influence
(simultaneous performance of space weather parameters at the state of
cardiovascular system in groups of subjects separated by
COSMIC FACTORS AND BIOSYSTEM
ADAPTATION – PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH
Ragulskaya M.V.
Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere,
and Radio Wave Propagation, RAS,
Troitsk,
The article discusses the current
state of the gained knowledge of the space weather’s impacts on the biosphere.
The role of the modern chrono-biological investigations in the solving of the
“young Sun problem” as well as their application to the tasks of the early
stages of the terrestrial life forming is considered. The study of biotropic
effects of modern space weather is possible answers to the question about of
the formation for evolutionary and adaptive scenario of ancient biosystems
functioning. Influence of cosmic rays, ultraviolet and geomagnetic field on
early life has its signs in modern biosphere processes, which may be
experimentally studied.